What it is

The Sword of Muhammad is a pedestal holy relic for Islam. The in-game line calls it one of the authentic nine swords of the Prophet. Up to nine can exist. Two copies do not have to match. The row adds two further effects that are rolled, on top of the fixed lines.
It is an adventure relic. It is a different object from al-Sayf al-Khass, the ceremonial sword in the Fatimid court list below, and from the Holy Banner of Muhammad on that same list.
How to obtain it
Sponsor an Adventure inspiration in Asia Minor or the Middle East. The inspired character's faith context is Islam. Outside that region, a county of the same faith can still produce it, at a lower chance. The guest's skill raises the chance. You need Royal Court or Roads to Power, and the guest has to be older than 13.
The Abbasid court is the seat to stand next to while you hunt Islamic relics. Al-Mu'tazz is the 867 caliph. Al-Qa'im is a later Abbasid seat. Saladin is the 1178 ruler to open if your campaign is already in that century. The sword comes from the inspiration. After that it is kept, stolen, or recovered.
Hold one while you follow another faith and rulers of Islam gain a casus belli to take it back. A claim on the relic spends piety. The amount is on the button.
What it changes
The fixed lines are monthly renown, monthly piety, and court grandeur. Two more effects are rolled when the sword is created, so the tooltip is the list that matters for the copy you hold.
It uses a pedestal slot in the throne room. Court grandeur from that display needs Royal Court. Four pedestal slots are on the court screen.
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